Chemical variability between different organs of the medicinal plant Casearia sylvestris

Flávio Alexandre Carvalho; Polyanna Pereira Aguilar; Fernando Bombarda Oda; Helena Sayuri Uchina; Aristeu Gomes Tininis; Eduardo José Crevelin; Antônio Eduardo Miller Crotti; André Gonzaga dos Santos

Flávio Alexandre Carvalho Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Fármacos e Medicamentos, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brasil
Polyanna Pereira Aguilar Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Fármacos e Medicamentos, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brasil
Fernando Bombarda Oda Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Fármacos e Medicamentos, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brasil
Helena Sayuri Uchina Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Fármacos e Medicamentos, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brasil
Aristeu Gomes Tininis Instituto Federal de São Paulo, Matão, Brasil
Eduardo José Crevelin Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
Antônio Eduardo Miller Crotti Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
André Gonzaga dos Santos Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Fármacos e Medicamentos, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brasil

Keywords: Bicyclogermacrene, clerodane diterpenes, quality control, essential oil

Abstract

The phytochemical profile of essential oils and extracts from Casearia sylvestris leaves, flowers and fruits have been investigated here. Leaf and flower extracts were prepared by sonication and analyzed by thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. The phenolic content was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. Leaves, flowers, and fruits essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation. The highest extracts yields were 20.3 % (leaves) and 23.4 % (flowers) with ethanol 70 %. Essential oil extraction yields were 0.3 % (leaves) and 0.1 % (flowers and fruits). Bicyclogermacrene was the major component in all essential oil. Thin-layer chromatography suggests a chemical profile similar for leaves and flowers. The leaves and flowers phenolic content were similar (14.0 and 15.0 %, respectively). Chromatography analyses indicated the predominance of casearin clerodane diterpenes in leaves (λ_max 232-235), whereas in flowers, diterpenes with a different standard diene in side-chain C13(16) and C14 (λ_max 223-229). The different phytochemical profile of C. sylvestris flowers as compared to the leaves could be explored by the search for new bioactive components. This is the first report on the fruit and flower C. sylvestris essential oil composition. These data could be used as quality control of herbal medicine derived from C. sylvestris leaves.